RESULTS OF THE STUDY
4.0 Introduction
This chapter deals with the results based on the research questions that are collected, the responses collected during the interview schedules and the researcher’s own observations are treated. The background data for the subjects is also dealt with.
4.1 Background Data on the Subject of the Study
The data for the research study came from the Junior Secondary School in Dodowa Methodist Basic “A”. It is the Form One class where the data is collected. In all, the research dealt with a Science teacher and fifteen (15) pupils.
4.2 Teaching and Learning Material to Teach Purification of Water by Filtration
The researcher first used charts depicting filtration of water to teach the lesson. Secondly, the researcher used the improvised teaching and learning material to teach. It is realized that a high proportion (86.67%) of the class responded perfectly whilst (13.33%) responded well to the chart.
Table 1:
Pattern of the class that responded to the improvised teaching and learning materials as well as the chart used as teaching and learning material.
|
Responses |
No. of Pupils |
Percentage (%) |
|
Improvised teaching and learning
material |
18 |
86.67 |
|
Chart
No. of TLM |
2
0 |
13.33
0 |
|
Total |
15 |
100.0 |
4.3 The Importance of Teaching and Learning Materials to the Teaching of Filtration of Water
It is found that a high proportion (93.33%) of the class viewed the lesson as very interesting with the improvised teaching and learning material. The lower proportion responded interestingly and others responded dull. The results have been summarized in table 2.
Table 2:
Pattern of the class pupils’ response to the improvised teaching and learning material
|
Responses |
No. of Pupils |
Percentage (%) |
|
Very interesting interesting Dull |
14
1
0 |
93.33
6.67
0 |
|
Total |
15 |
100.0 |
4.4 Sources of Teaching and Learning Materials used by Teachers to Teach Lessons in Science
During the interview between the researcher and the class teacher, it is found that most of the time, lessons in Science are taught without the use of any concrete teaching and learning materials. Most of the time, it is the pupils’ textbooks that are used in teaching the lesson. At other times, it is the use of chalkboard illustrations, charts and it is only on a few occasions that concrete or improvised teaching and learning materials are used. The results have been summarized in table 3 below.
Table 3:
Pattern of types of teaching and learning materials used during the term
|
Responses |
No. of times
used in a
term |
Percentage (%) |
|
Pupils’ textbook |
11 |
46.67 |
|
Chalkboard illustrations |
7 |
26.67 |
|
Charts |
4 |
18.33 |
|
Concrete Materials |
2 |
8.33 |
|
Total |
24 |
100.0 |
4.5 The Use of Teaching and Learning Materials in Practical Lessons in Science
The interview the researcher conducted with the teacher revealed that the lesson is teacher-centred more than that of learner-centered. The result has been displayed in table 4.
Table 4:
Results on how Teaching and Learning Materials are used in Teaching Practical Lesson
|
Responses |
No. of times used in
the term |
Percentage (%) |
|
Demonstration |
10 |
41.67 |
|
Lecture Method |
11 |
45.83 |
|
Experimentation |
3 |
12.50 |
|
Total |
24 |
100.0 |
4.6 Importance of Teaching and Learning Materials in Science
Responses gathered by the researcher after the study proved that the use of teaching and learning materials does help pupils in Science lessons. The result is shown in table 5.
Table 5:
Result on Pupils’ Performance to Show the Importance of Teaching and Learning Materials in JSS One at Dodowa Methodist Basic “A”
|
Responses |
No. of Pupils |
Percentage (%) |
|
All Answers Correct |
11 |
73.33 |
|
One Wrong
Answer |
2 |
13.33 |
|
Two Wrong
Answers |
1 |
6.67 |
|
Three Wrong
Answers |
1 |
6.67 |
|
Four Wrong
Answers |
0 |
0.00 |
|
No Correct Answer |
0 |
0.00 |
|
Total |
15 |
100.0 |
NB: The researcher gave an exercise comprising five questions to the class and the result is what has been displayed in table 5.
4.7 Details of Additional Findings
Apart from the major findings, the researcher observed the following additional findings.
1. The Science textbooks are not sufficient and some are torn.
2. In some cases, the Science teacher’s teaching did not follow one another, thus step by step.
4.8 Summary of Major Findings
The researcher observed that;
1. Pupils really enjoyed Science lessons when the improvised teaching and learning material is used.
2. Most of the teaching and learning materials are only pupils’ textbooks and in some cases, it is the use of chalkboard illustrations.
